Changes to the Parakklesion
During Ottoman rule, the Turks removed two marble columns from the north side of the parakklesion and replaced them with a wide arch.Restoration in...
The Loss of Pammakaristos
What was saved with great effort was soon lost again.A Plan to Convert Churches (1584)In 1584, less than 50 years after the last attempt,...
Christians in Constantinople After the Conquest
After the Ottoman conquest, the Christians who stayed in Constantinople faced constant danger. They made up about 40% of the population and were often...
The Marketplace in Ephesus
When the apostle John lived in Ephesus, the city had two main areas of activity. One was a government center on the hill to...
Ephesus A Great Ancient City
Ephesus was a big and important city in ancient times, with about 200,000 people. An old writing found there called it "a most illustrious...
The Seven Churches of Asia
The Book of Revelation in the Bible is addressed to seven churches. All of these churches were located in Asia Minor, a region that...
Cultural Dynamics in the Wake of Alexander’s Empire
Alexander, Seleucus, and Antiochus I sought to establish their rule in foreign lands by bringing in a significant number of Greeks, estimated at around...
Fragmentation and the Spread of Hellenism
The battle of Ipsus, in line with the prophecy in Daniel 8, saw Greece conquering Persia only to fragment into four secondary kingdoms. Another...
Wars Among the Diadochi
Two years after Antipater’s death, chaos returned. Cassander asserted control over Macedonia and Greece, while Antigonus ousted Eumenes from the east. Antigonus then aimed...
Greek word as do-goodism
The old model was fading. In the later empire, more and more of the euergetism (one might render that Greek word as do-goodism) came...
